01

“To paint during war is to choose a side — even silence becomes a statement.”

Art, Propaganda, and Resistance: Visual Culture During the Spanish Civil War

An extract from my final-year dissertation, examining how artists on both sides of the conflict mobilised image-making as a tool of political persuasion, and how some sought to resist that instrumentalisation altogether.

Dissertation Extract
2025
History of Art
02

“Cubism did not shatter the world — it simply refused to pretend it was whole.”

Fragmentation and Form: The Politics of Cubist Space

An analysis of how Picasso and Braque's formal innovations were inseparable from broader crises of representation — and what it meant to abandon the single viewpoint at a moment of acute historical uncertainty.

Essay
2024
Modern Art
03

“The Surrealists did not escape reality. They went further into it than anyone dared.”

The Unconscious as Subject: Surrealism and the Interior World

Exploring the Surrealist project not as a flight from the real but as a radical interrogation of its foundations — and how automatic writing and dream imagery became instruments of critique rather than escapism.

Essay
2024
Surrealism
04

“The patron's hand is invisible in the painting — and everywhere in it.”

Power, Piety, and Patronage in the Italian Renaissance

Examining how the relationship between artist and patron shaped not only subject matter but compositional logic in fifteenth-century Florence, and what this reveals about the economics of devotion.

Essay
2024
Italian Renaissance
05

“To classify is already to possess. The Enlightenment museum was an empire in miniature.”

The Ordering Gaze: Museums, Classification, and Enlightenment Power

A short critical essay on how Enlightenment epistemology shaped the architecture of the public museum — and whose world it was designed to display.

Short Essay
2024
The Enlightenment
06

“The canvas becomes a seismograph: registering tremors the eye alone cannot see.”

Painting Inner States: Expressionism and the Limits of the Visible

On the Expressionist attempt to render psychological experience in paint — and the tension between the desire for pure interiority and the inescapably material nature of the medium.

Essay
2023
Modern Art